08/30/11

Woodbury Genealogy

The Woodburys in the United States are all descended from John and William Woodbury (brothers or cousins, it’s not clear) who came to Salem, Massachusetts in the 1620′s.

John was first.  He was part of a fishing consortium–not a Puritan–and traveled across the Atlantic on the Zouch Phenix in 1624 as part of the Dorchester Company.  He settled in Cape Ann, which is basically a barren rock, and then moved north to become one of the five founders of Salem, Massachusetts (along with Conant, Balch, Trask, and Palfrey).  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Planters_(Massachusetts)

He then was granted 200 acres in what is now Beverly, Massachusetts in 1635.  http://dougsinclairsarchives.com/woodbury/johnwoodbury1.htm

My grandfather was born in Beverly three hundred years later.  Not an adventurous bunch, apparently, once they got to Massachusetts.  Terrifyingly, I am descended from John and William together FOURTEEN times, through both my mother and father.

One good story is that my umpteenth ancestor, Peter, younger son of John (my main line descends through John’s eldest son, Humphrey, but I descend from Peter too.  Twice.) kept a horse saddled in his barn at all times in case anyone needed a quick get-a-way to escape from the Salem witch trials.

“Peter was selectman in 1675 and 76. On Nov. 16, 1686 he was elected Deacon. It was during his incumbency in this office that the witchcraft delusion swept over Salem and it is related of him that he kept his horses saddled to assist the persecuted to flee to New Hampshire out of the jurisdiction of the court.”  http://www.woodbury-ober.com/d3.html#g3

Awesome.

Larry Wert has done heroic and exhaustive research of the thousands of Woodbury descendents.  For more stories and more information than you could possibly comprehend, see his web page:  http://www.woodbury-ober.com/

08/27/11

The Pendragon’s Quest is now available!

Be the first one on your server to download The Pendragon’s Quest!

It is available at Smashwords now in all formats.  http://www.smashwords.com/books/view/84562

And also at Amazon and Amazon UK  If you are a fan of the books, you can email me for a free review copy . . .

Read the first chapter now!

Chapter One

March, 655 AD

 

Wake up!”

Cade had been dreaming of the battle in Arawn’s cavern.  His stomach hurt from clenching it in his fear and desperation.  Even with Arawn’s defeat, his people were still in danger.  Geraint and Tudur would soon face a host of demons which Arawn had unleashed, in such numbers as Geraint could never hope to counter. 

“Goddamn it, Cade, don’t scare us like this.”  That was his Rhun’s voice.  His foster brother had always been one for telling Cade what to do.

“Oh please, please, wake up, Cade.”

Cade’s eyes snapped open. 

Rhiann gazed down at him, her face six inches from his.  They looked at each other for one of her heartbeats before she threw herself at him and wrapped her arms around his neck.  “I was so worried!  It was as if you were really dead!”

Cade’s arms came around Rhiann.  He reveled in the feel of her, kissed her forehead, and patted her several times on the back, trying to get her to look at him again.  Tears tracked down her cheeks as he brushed her hair out of his face with one hand. 

After another reassuring look, Rhiann released him to sit back on her heels.  Cade pushed onto both elbows, studying his friends who formed a circle around him:  Rhun, whose deeper voice he’d heard; Dafydd, a bit wide-eyed, clenching and unclenching his large fists; Goronwy and Hywel, mirror images of each other, not in looks but in temperament, their swords out and half-turned away, ever watchful of potential menace; and Taliesin, who gazed at him reflectively while leaning on his staff.

From the seer who no longer sees, I, Taliesin, speak of Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon—who calls usurpers to account, who vanquishes demons, who, with his magic sword, banished Arawn to the Underworld—”

“All right, all right.  Enough.” Cade scrambled to his feet.  “Next you’ll say something about escaping Aberffraw without help, or battling the storm that shipwrecked us in the world of the sidhe and saving you single-handed.”  He glared at Taliesin.  “None of which would be true.”

Cade’s critique didn’t seem to affect Taliesin.  “You are not normally one to sleep.”

“I haven’t slept too long, have I?  The sun isn’t yet up, is it?”  Cade checked the skyline above the trees that surrounded the clearing in which the companions found themselves.  No light showed on the eastern horizon and Cade allowed himself a moment of relief.  Then he noted the location of the moon, and stared at it, puzzled, for it was in the same spot it had been when Arianrhod had visited him after they defeated Arawn.  He could have sworn their conversation had occurred hours ago, but if he’d really slept, perhaps that wasn’t something he had the ability to gauge.

“Not for a long while yet,” Rhun said.  “Or, at least that’s my feeling.  I don’t have a good sense of the hour.”

“Nor I,” Taliesin said.  “And that disturbs me.”  He studied Cade some more.  “Has something happened we should know about?”

Cade bit his lip.  His friends weren’t going to like this.  “Arianrhod visited me.”  There was no good way to say it, except straight out.

Taliesin narrowed his eyes at Cade.  “And …”

“She apologized, not so much for giving me the power of the sidhe but for bringing us into such danger.”

“She apologized?” Rhun said.  “That’s—that’s—”

Taliesin finished for him.  “Unprecedented.”

“She also thanked us for doing what she could not,” Cade said.

“You’re being polite.” Goronwy glanced at Cade, flashed a smile, and then looked away again.  “She thanked you, you mean.”

Cade had to acknowledge that Goronwy was right, though he hadn’t wanted to say it.  “If that was an oversight on her part, allow me to thank you now, if not for her, then for myself.  I couldn’t have defeated Arawn without you.”

“Modesty at last,” Goronwy said.

Cade ignored that, as Goronwy deserved.  “She also gave me two gifts.”

Taliesin took a step towards Cade, his face paling.  “Don’t tell me you accepted them!  A gift from a goddess is never without price!”

Cade choked on a laugh.  “Did I have a choice?  Need I remind you how little control I have over the goddess?”

“That would be none,” Rhun said.

Taliesin nodded and subsided, his expression grudging.  “She made you so you could do her bidding.  I have not forgotten.”

“I would like to think these new gifts were in thanks and not in expectation of future services,” Cade said, “although I suppose I’ll have as little choice in the matter then as now, were she to ask more of me.  As it is, she gave me the gift of sleep, as you saw.”

“So you were sleeping!” Rhiann said.  “I could hardly credit it.”

“… and the ability to do this.” Cade reached for Rhiann again, pulling her to him.  She fit perfectly in his arms—as he remembered from their brief interlude underneath Caer Dathyl—tucked under his chin with her slender arms tight around his waist, holding on.  Laughter bubbled in his throat at how natural it felt to hold her.

“So this means you can touch me now—can touch any one of us—without fear of doing us harm?” Rhiann leaned back to look into Cade’s face.

“So it seems,” Cade said. 

Rhun stooped to pick up Caledfwlch, which lay on the edge of the blanket, a yard from Cade’s feet.  The companions gazed at the sword and Rhun held it out.  Rhiann took it, with a wary look at Cade. “You told me when we first met that your touch had the power to kill.  I’ve seen you use it.  And struggle to contain it.”

Cade had been unable to touch anyone—unless he meant to kill them—since Arianrhod had changed him from man to sidhe two winters earlier.  From the moment he’d found Caledfwlch at the enchanted Caer Ddu, however, the sword had given him both a strength and a control over his power that he’d never known before.  He’d only allowed himself to admit to loving Rhiann because of it, because the sword gave him a chance—a slim one, but a chance—at a normal life.

Rhiann drew the belt around Cade’s waist and buckled on his sword, fumbling a bit with the stiff leather.  He studied her downturned head and then looked at Taliesin.  It was he who would best understand what Arianrhod had done to him and what she’d changed.

“I still have the power,” he said.  “But it’s quiet, as if it’s waiting for me to use it rather than waiting to use me.”

“That’s all to the good,” Taliesin said, “but something tells me that Arianrhod isn’t finished with you yet.”

“And if she’s not done with Cade, we’re all in for it,” Rhun said.

“I’m sure you have the right of it,” Cade said, “but for now…”

“For now, we need to move,” Goronwy said.  While they’d talked, he’d surveyed the entire perimeter of the clearing.  It was thirty feet across, surrounded by leafless trees.  A fire pit sat at its center, the flames still burning brightly, though to Cade’s knowledge, nobody had stoked it. “I, too, am confused about many things, but I do know that we still have the demons from Caer Dathyl to deal with.  Geraint and Tudur need our help.”

Demons came in all shapes and sizes, often with horns or fur:  the manifestation of a child’s nightmare, only worse.  Much worse, because they weren’t created in a dream, but were real, sent through the black cauldron by Arawn, Lord of the Underworld, to haunt the field and forests of Wales.  Few were able to pass as human as Cade could and he’d met no other demons who possessed his particular gifts, if one could call them that, nor his degree of power.  It seemed that Arianrhod had bestowed his affliction only on him. 

“Where are we?” Rhun said.  “That remains our most pressing question, although some information as to how we got here wouldn’t go amiss.”

Cade checked the moon again.  It still hadn’t moved from its initial position.  Come to think on it, the moon was nearly in the same place in the sky as when they’d entered the caverns underneath Caer Dathyl.

“As to how, we can certainly make a good guess,” Taliesin said.  “Arianrhod took us from the cavern, set us to rights, and has put us on a path of her choosing.  As to where…”

“I know where we are.”  Dafydd turned slowly on one heel, studying the trees and the sky above them.  “We’re still in Arfon, not far from Caer Dathyl.  I came through here when I fled the fortress after Teregad gave me leave to go, back before I fell in with you.”

“He gave you leave to go, only to hunt you down afterwards,” Goronwy said, correcting his younger brother, “but that’s past and done.  Are we near the road?”

“It lies a hundred yards to the west, no more.” Dafydd peered at the skyline.  “I believe Arianrhod has placed us just to the north of where Geraint and Tudur were supposed to set up camp.”

“What—so now we can fly?” Rhun said. 

Gone was the jesting tone of before.  His words came out bitter and Cade catalogued the list of crazed events that had happened to them in the last twelve hours, wondering which of them most troubled Rhun and caused his anger. 

“How helpful of Arianrhod not to put us in the path of the oncoming demons,” Goronwy said.  “Just think if she’d put us between them and Geraint’s camp.”

Cade eyed both Goronwy and Rhun, and then took charge before the others caught their discontent.  “Lead on, Dafydd.  It’s likely we have very little time, if we have any time at all, before the demons reach Geraint’s position.”

Dafydd set off at once through the trees, Taliesin close behind, the little light on the end of his staff lighting the way.  Rhiann, who’d found her quiver and bow and slung them on her back, followed with Hywel.  Cade, Goronwy, and Rhun brought up the rear. 

“What’s gotten into you two?” Cade said, once the others had moved a bit ahead and the three of them could speak more privately. 

He pushed through a blackberry bramble:  the rich, sweet scent of sun-warmed berries saturated the air.  In another life, Cade would have eaten them but now they would taste like nothing more than sawdust in his mouth.  The bramble had found a niche at the edge of the trees, cascading over the edge of a rock as it sought sunlight, rather than thriving in the darker, shadier places, like raspberry or blackcurrant.  Or me. 

“This is wrong,” Rhun said.  “I may not be sidhe, but even I can feel it.”

“Which part?” Cade said. 

“Which part isn’t?” Goronwy said.

Rhun made a dismissive gesture.  “Not so much the goddess, though I’m none too fond of the way she’s manipulated you—and through you all of us—these last weeks.  But this is too easy; too pat.”

“We defeated Arawn—”

“Begging your pardon, my lord,” Goronwy said, “but we didn’t, not really.  You may be sidhe and by that power able to silence him for a while, but his actions against us—against Wales—and our reactions, with the help of Arianrhod, are the start of what looks to me like open warfare between the gods—and maybe between the gods and men.”

“That’s exactly it.”  Rhun nodded and punctuated his words with a finger to the sky.  “The gods haven’t interfered in our world since the Romans came.  They didn’t even step in to save Vortigern as he lay dying and the Saxons overran all of Britain but our small corner.  Why do they arise now?  And what role do we have to play in it?  Do we have to be on Arianrhod’s side just because she made you?  Are there other sides besides Arawn’s or Mabon’s?”

It had been Cade’s ancestor, Vortigern, who’d invited the Saxons into Britain after the Romans left, hoping they would stand as a buffer against the even more barbaric Picts who raided Briton’s shores at every turn.  As he’d been fighting the Picts in the northeast, the Scots in the northwest, and the Irish along the coast of Wales all at the same time, one could hardly blame Vortigern for latching onto a convenient solution.  He’d given up too much land to the Saxons, however, and was betrayed in the end by the very people he’d sought to befriend.  Cade’s people had been fighting these interlopers ever since, backing further into the mountains with every year that passed.

The Saxon lords had divided the Welsh into small pockets, with the western lands the last untouched bastion of Britain.  As recently as two years ago, Cade’s uncle Arthur, the great king of Gwent, had sent a lone rider from his seat at Caerleon to Bryn y Castell to warn of the events to the south.  Like his northern compatriots, Arthur had fought many battles against the Saxons and feared the Welsh would be reduced to ever shrinking circles of land, fighting back to back as the invaders attacked from all sides.

Cade’s birth father, Cadwallon, had formed an alliance with the Saxon King Penda of Mercia, in an attempt to forestall the attacks and regain land for the Welsh.  Upon his death, the usurper Cadfael had pledged his forces to the same treaty.  But the Welsh had gained nothing from either alliance but time.

Cade swallowed hard.  “I’m sorry.  I can’t answer any of that.  And Taliesin…”  His voice trailed off. 

“Doesn’t see anymore.  Yes, we know,” Rhun said, “even if he tries to make light of it.”

Cade didn’t know how to respond to that either and they continued in silence, eventually gaining on their companions.  Cade was both disgruntled by his friends’ observations—since he’d been thinking things were going pretty well for once—and dismayed that he heard truth in their words.

Behind Cade, back in his more cynical, jaded, and ultimately humorous shell, Goronwy grumbled yet again about knights not walking. 

Rhiann overheard, glanced back at him, and shot him a wicked smile.  “You know, Goronwy.  You say that knights don’t walk, but since I’ve known you, you’ve done quite a bit of walking.  Either knights do walk, or perhaps you’re not a real knight?”

Goronwy growled back at her and Rhiann’s eyes lit with amusement.  She knew not to take him seriously and Cade’s heart warmed to have her with him.  That part of the world was going right at least.  He was just happy to have all his friends in the same place and in one piece.  Although Arianrhod hadn’t realized it, that was reward enough.

As the companions trotted on, Cade kept checking the sky, expecting the sun to rise at any moment but it stubbornly refused to show itself.  Normally, that would have pleased him, but the oddness of not being able to locate himself in the dark, or in time, only disturbed him instead. 

He tried to pass off his disorientation as a result of the heavy cloud cover which had blown in since they’d left the clearing.  And when it released its rain a few moments later, it only seemed inevitable, given the way the day and night had gone so far.  In Wales, cloud cover in March was more normal than not.  Cade told himself he was imagining trouble where there wasn’t any, or at least not in the weather.  Nobody else gave the rain any notice, other than to pull up the hoods on their wool cloaks. 

“I can’t believe we’re heading back to Caer Dathyl,” Hywel said. 

They turned onto the road and picked up the pace, able to move more quickly even though the road had become a slough and their boots were coated with mud.

“Hopefully, Siawn’s in charge now.”  Rhiann skirted an enormous puddle by moving to the edge of the road where it met the grassy rim of the forest and Cade followed suit.  “He left the cavern just before Arawn fell and I’d like to know for sure what’s become of him.”

“And Teregad,” Hywel said.

“And Mabon,” said Rhun.  “He has my knife.”

Goronwy snorted laughter.  “As you left it in his throat, you can hardly blame him for not giving it back.”

“It was his knife initially,” Cade said.  “Do you really want to keep something of his?”

“I suppose not,” Rhun said.

“Unless a weapon from the world of the sidhe is the only way to harm him, just as with Arawn,” Goronwy said.

Taliesin grunted assent and everyone turned to look at him.  “I suspect that is true.”  And then he elaborated further, “I find it likely.”

“How about a good punch to the nose?” Dafydd said.  “He certainly deserves one.”

Even Taliesin laughed at that.  “That I could not say.  You’ll have to try it next time you see him.”

“Be that as it may,” Cade said, “Arianrhod told me that Mabon has been returned to her.”

“What?” Taliesin halted in the middle of the road, down which he’d continued to boldly move, ignoring the puddles, even though his cloak was now six inches deep in mud.  “What did you say?”  The rain dripped off the end of his pointy nose, which he directed at Cade. 

Cade shrugged.  “That’s all I know.  The conversation was rather one-sided and I didn’t dare ask what she meant by it.” 

“My lord!” Ahead of them, Dafydd broke into a run.  “Men call to one another ahead of us!”

Taliesin shot Cade another look—a despairing one—which was an expression Cade had never before seen on Taliesin’s face.  The other companions ran after Dafydd, but Cade caught Taliesin’s arm before he could follow.  “You fear the demons?”

“The demons?” Taliesin said.  “Why would I fear them?”

“But—”

“It’s Mabon,” Taliesin said.  “Arianrhod may have given you gifts, for which we can’t help but be grateful—and which I hope we won’t come to regret—but that Mabon is with his mother instead of banished to the Underworld with his father is the worst news possible.”

Another shout came from ahead of them as their friends disappeared into the woods to the west of the road.  “We must hurry,” Cade said.  He wished he could question Taliesin more, but they had no time.  “We’ll talk later.”

“We’ve dragons everywhere we look, my friend,” Taliesin said, now jogging beside Cade.  “And I suspect that I’m not the only one who is having trouble with his sight.

“You can’t mean Arianrhod?” Cade said.  “Her plan worked out just as she intended, don’t you think?”

“I think she left a great deal to chance.  I suspect that she would have found several possible outcomes acceptable,” Taliesin said.

“I don’t like the sound of that,” Cade said.

“The gods are taking sides in our world.  That can’t be good for any of us.”  Taliesin reached out a hand to Cade and caught his arm.  “I cannot see, and because the gift has deserted me, I cannot help you.  I have lost my bearings.”

And though Cade had never understood Taliesin’s reliance on his sight, he could see the dread in his friend’s face.  And share it.

 

08/25/11

Maps of Welsh Castles

To say I love castles would be to considerably understate the case.  But how to find a castle without a map?  Here are several great resources . . .

A map of castles in SW Wales:

This castle shows both the native castles and the Welsh ones.  Some of them are obviously close together, and this indicates a vassal/lord relationship among the barons, or just the passage of time, when a castle was destroyed, a new one was often built close by (if it wasn’t built right on top).

Native Welsh castles from the Castles Wales site (http://www.castlewales.com/native.html):

From the Welsh government site (cadw.wales.gov.uk):

Neither of these maps show the Edwardian castles that were either built right next to a destroyed Welsh castle or on top of one.  Neither shows Aber Garth Celyn either, which was Llywelyn ap Gruffydd’s seat, but wasn’t rediscovered until very recently.  For more about that, see:  http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/?p=1088

08/23/11

My Dad

My father died Sunday morning, early, after a short downhill slide, the end of a 4 1/2 year sojourn with cancer.

Ronald G. Woodbury

3 April 1943-21 August 2011

Dr. Ronald Glen Woodbury of Pendleton, Ore., died on Sunday, Aug. 21, 2011. He was 68.
Born in Glen Ridge, N.J., on April 3, 1943, the son of Glen and Barbara (Carr) Woodbury, he was raised in Reading, Mass., and attended the Belmont Hill School. He graduated from Amherst College, Amherst, Mass., magna cum laude in 1965. He received his doctorate in Latin American History from Columbia University in 1971. Dr. Woodbury married Melissa Teele in 1965.

He started his teaching career at the University of California at Irvine and then taught at The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wash., where he also served as a dean. In 1987 he became the vice president for academic affairs at Lock Haven University in Pennsylvania and then held the same position at Potsdam College of the State University of New York. In 1993 he became the president of The Panama Canal College in the Republic of Panama before returning to Potsdam College as a member of the faculty. He retired to St. Augustine, Fla., in 2001.

 

08/16/11

The Rising of 1256

I bet you didn’t know there was a Welsh rising of 1256 did you?  This date, even more than the Battle of Bryn Derwin in 1255, is the point at which Llywelyn ap Gruffydd began to assert his authority in Wales beyond Gwynedd and to place himself squarely in the forefront as the inheritor of his grandfather’s vision of a Wales united under one, supreme Prince.

In 1256, Prince Edward of England was only seventeen years old.  He had been ceded lands in Perfeddwlad, or Gwynedd Is Conwy (Gwynedd east of the River Conwy), by his father, King Henry.  But both his parents still held authority over them, for the most part, and had been responsible for overseeing their welfare.  They had not done a good job, as usual giving sycophants and hangers-on Welsh lands about which none of the parties involved cared a whit.

These lands, by no coincidence, had been fully in the control of Llywelyn Fawr before his death, and at the death of Prince Dafydd, had fallen under English control.  In November 1256, at the request of the people themselves, Llywelyn  took his men across the Conwy River and into what was then English territory.   They conquered the entire area, with the consent of the people in it, within a week.

Much of these lands Llywelyn then gave to Dafydd, his brother, whom he’d just released from prison.  Only eighteen himself, Dafydd had united with Owain in 1255, but with his defeat, had suffered only a short incarceration before Llywelyn forgave him–and established him as a fully authoritative Prince of Wales in his own right.

As the Chronicle of the Princes states for 1256:

“In this year the gentlefolk of Wales, despoiled of their liberty and their rights, came to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and revealed to him with tears their grievous bondage to the English; and they made known to him that they preferred to be slain in war for their liberty than to suffer themselves to be unrighteously trampled by foreigners. And Llywelyn at their instigation and by their counsel and at their request, made for Perfeddwlad, and with him Maredudd ap Rhys Gryg; and he gained possession of it all. And after that he took the cantref of Meirionydd into his hands. And the land that belonged to Edward, the earl of Chester, the son of king Henry, he gave to Maredudd ab Owain, and Builth he gave to Maredudd ap Rhys, and keeping naught for himself, but only fame and honor.”

Sources:  Llywelyn ap Gruffydd by J. Beverly Smith

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Last

 

08/14/11

What happened to silence?

With more than 80% of Americans living in metropolitan areas (and only 2% living as I do in towns of fewer than 25,000 people), nobody knows what real silence is anymore.   http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Population/

Writing historical fiction requires that you project yourself into that long ago past.  As the modern world hurtles headlong into the future, this becomes more and more difficult.  Trying to find spaces where it’s possible to get a sense of that historic time is getting harder by the day.

Like light pollution, noise pollution is everywhere.  This winter in the Olympic National Forest and on the Quinnault Indian Reservation, my husband and I experienced the silence of the natural world, though it is presently threatened by the air routes over it into Sea-Tac airport south of Seattle.

In Eastern Oregon, the silence can be complete–and loud–to the point of ringing in the ears–except for the chirp of a bird in the scrub beside the road.  Then the silence is broken by the sound of a crop duster, that returns again and again over the course of the half an hour walk.

In the times before machines, in Wales and the rural spaces of the world, people only knew this kind of silence.  Did we think differently as a result?  What kind of repercussions beyond sound does the lack of silence have on us?

Audio ecologist Gordon Hempton’s research into the last quiet spaces in the world.  The article is here:   http://www.newsweek.com/id/232668

What he has found is that there are very few places left in the United States (fewer than a dozen) that are free from mechanical/artificial noises for more than fifteen minutes at a time.  There are none left in Europe.

08/13/11

On Daily Cheap Reads today!

Daughter of Time is featured (starting at 10 am PST) on http://dailycheapreads.com/2011/08/13/daughter-of-time-a-time-travel-romance/ today.  Come check it out!

08/11/11

Books in the Middle Ages

Books have been around as long as there has been writing–it’s just that in the past, they were less accessible, expensive, and rare.  Many, many fewer people were literate, especially as we understand the word (see my post on literacy: http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/?p=1310).

“Every stage in the creation of a medieval book required intensive labor, sometimes involving the collaboration of entire workshops. Parchment for the pages had to be made from the dried hides of animals, cut to size and sewn into quires; inks had to be mixed, pens prepared, and the pages ruled for lettering. A scribe copied the text from an established edition, and artists might then embellish it with illustrations, decorated initials, and ornament in the margins. The most lavish medieval books were bound in covers set with enamels, jewels, and ivory carvings.”  Source: The Art of the Book in the Middle Ages | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art  http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/book/hd_book.htm

The Getty Museum has a long description of the physical process of making a book.  for my own discussion of the history of paper, see:  http://www.sarahwoodbury.com/?p=2358:

“Most medieval manuscripts were written on specially treated animal skins, called parchment or vellum (paper did not become common in Europe until around 1450). The pelts were first soaked in a lime solution to loosen the fur, which was then removed. While wet on a stretcher, the skin was scraped using a knife with a curved blade. As the skin dried, the parchment maker adjusted the tension so that the skin remained taut. This cycle of scraping and stretching was repeated over several days until the desired thinness had been achieved. Here, the skin of a stillborn goat, prized for its smoothness, is stretched on a modern frame to illustrate the parchment making process.

After the surface had been prepared, the parchment was ruled, usually with leadpoint or colored ink. In this prayer book, you can see the ruling in red ink. Ruling lines helped the scribe to write evenly and were part of the design of the page. The scribe wrote with a quill pen made from the feather of a goose or swan. The end of the feather was cut to form the writing nib. A slit cut into the middle of the nib allowed the ink to flow smoothly to the tip of the pen. The appearance of the script—whether rounded or angular, dense or open—was partly dependent upon the shape and the angle of the nib.

Illumination, from the Latin illuminare, “to light up or illuminate,” describes the glow created by the colors, especially gold and silver, used to embellish manuscripts. In making an illumination, the artist first made an outline drawing with leadpoint or quill and ink. Next, he or she painted the areas to receive gold leaf with a sticky substance such as bole (a refined red clay) or gum ammoniac (sap). The gold leaf was then laid down and burnished, or rubbed, to create a shiny surface, which sparkles as the pages are turned. Finally, the illuminator applied paints that were made from a wide variety of coloring agents: ground minerals, organic dyes extracted from plants, and chemically produced colorants. These pigments were usually mixed with egg white to form a kind of paint called tempera. The deep blue of this illumination was probably made from crushed stone, while the background is a solid mass of shining gold leaf.

Once the writing and illuminating had been completed, the parchment sheets were folded and nested into groups called gatherings. The gatherings were ordered in their proper sequence and sewn together onto cords or leather thongs that served as supports. Once the sewing was finished, the ends of the supports were laced through channels carved into the wooden boards that formed the front and back covers of the book. The binding was usually then covered in leather or a decorative fabric. This binding’s most stunning ornamentations are the metal corner pieces and raised medallions that would protect the binding as it rested on a surface. The dyed parchment pieces inset into the central medallion were once brightly colored yellow, green, and blue, creating a stained-glass-window effect on the covers of the manuscript.”  http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/making/

And the, for comic relief :)

 

When e-books are all anyone has in another 100 years, this will be even funnier.

08/9/11

Sharing numbers . . . books, sales, and Joe Konrath

I’ve been an indie author for eight months now, and a post by the Passive Guy and another by Joe Konrath got me thinking that my original post for today can wait and it’s time to share something of my journey as an independent author.  Some of this appeared in David Gaughran’s book Let’s Get Digital, but not my most recent numbers, and not the money.  http://davidgaughran.wordpress.com/lets-get-digital/

When I started writing fiction, academic writing had been a way of life for me for a long time.  Writing fiction was another story. I wrote my first novel in the spring of ’06 on a whim, just to see if I could. My daughter (then fourteen) had always been ‘the writer’ in the family and I even asked her if it was okay if I gave it a shot too.

That first book was straight high fantasy (with elves, no less) and will never see the light of day. I knew at the time that it wasn’t very good, but I didn’t know how to fix the problems. Instead of trying, I launched into a second book which eventually became Footsteps in Time, the first book in my time travel fantasy series.

This one seemed to be much better written and more cohesive from the start. When I thought I’d finished it, I started querying agents, completely unaware that a community of writers all doing the same thing existed online. A year and upwards of seventy-two rejections later, the very last agent I queried took me on. She did send my book to several publishers, but after eight months, when I hadn’t heard from her for most of the summer, I found out she’d closed her business without telling any of her clients.

In the interim, I had written the rest of the After Cilmeri series:  Prince of Time and Daughter of Time. But now, without an agent and faced with the prospect of more query letters, I abandoned the series and wrote what became The Last Pendragon in the fall of 2008.

With this book, I queried one agent, who loved the book and took me on (and still represents me). 2009/2010 were the worst years on record for trying to break in as an new author, however, and he was unable to sell either The Last Pendragon or the sixth book I’d written, Cold My Heart.

And I’d heard by now about this indie publishing thing. In September of ’10, with my agent’s blessing, I started giving The Last Pendragon away for free. 8,000 copies later, a fan sent an email, urging me not to give away my books anymore—that she ‘would have gladly paid for it.’

Thus, starting in January 2011, I became an indie author. Along with The Last Pendragon, I published a heavily edited and revised Footsteps in Time and Prince of Time, neither of which were doing me any good mouldering on my laptop. I added Daughter of Time in March, and Cold My Heart in April.

The following are my sales and income for Amazon US over the last 7 months:

January: 22 books sold; income:  $35.64

February:  50 books sold; income:  $53.68

March:  272 books sold; income:  $163.84

April:  2038 books sold; income:  $1254.84

May:  2937 books sold; income:  $4198.09

June:  2225 books sold; income:  $3054.45

July:  2908 books sold; income:  $3413.22

To add to the joy, the instant I uploaded The Last Pendragon, writing became fun again.  Here’s to many more years of sharing my stories with people who want to read them!

 

 

 

08/7/11

The Succession (1170 AD)

1170 AD was a tough year in Gwynedd.

Hwyel ap Owain Gwynedd was the second son, albeit eldest surviving son, of the great Prince of Wales. Unfortunately for Hywel, Owain had a lot of sons and the contention among them at their father’s death was fierce. Hywel, although beloved of his father and his choice to succeed him, did not survive 1170, as he was killed by two of his younger brothers, Dafydd and Rhodri.

Owain’s sons included:

Rhun and Hywel, both illegitimate

Iorwerth and Maelgwyn, both children of Gladwys, Owain’s first wife

Dafydd, Rhodri, children of Cristina, Owain’s second wife

Cynan, Rhirid, Madoc, Cynwrig, Einion, Iago, Ffilip, Cadell, Rotpert and Idwal (all illegitimate)

Madoc, according to legend, was so upset by the infighting among his brothers that he sailed to the New World.

Wikipedia has a good summary of what happened:

“As the eldest surviving son and elding, Hywel succeeded his father in 1170 as Prince of Gwynedd in accordance with Welsh law and custom.However, the new prince was immediately confronted by a coup instigated by his step-mother Cristin, Dowager Princess of Gwynedd.

The dowager princess plotted to have her eldest son Dafydd usurp the Throne of Gwynedd from Hywel [who was illegitimate], and with Gwynedd divided between Dafydd and her other sons . . .The speed with which Cristen and her sons acted suggest that the conspiracy may have had roots before Owain’s death. Additionally, the complete surprise of the elder sons of Owain suggests that the scheme had been a well kept secret.

Within months of his succession Hywel was forced to flee to Ireland, returning later that year with a Hiberno-Norse army and landing on Môn, where he may have had [his brother] Maelgwn’s support.Dafydd himself landed his army on the island and caught Hywel off guard at Pentraeth, defeating his army and killing Hywel.Following Hywel’s death and the defeat of the legitimist army, the surviving sons of Owain came to terms with Dafydd. Iorwerth was apportioned the commotes of Arfon and Arllechwedd, with his seat at Dolwyddelan, with Maelgwn retaining Ynys Môn, and with Cynan receiving Meirionydd. However by 1174 Iorwerth and Cynan were both dead and Maelgwn and Rhodri were imprisoned by Dafydd, who was now master over the whole of Gwynedd.”

Peace prevailed until 1194 when his nephew, Llywelyn ap Iowerth, seized the throne. He would become known as Llywelyn Fawr (Llywelyn the Great).  http://www.castlewales.com/llewelyn.html

O England’s hate is my love unsleeping, Gwynedd my land,
Golden on every hand to the myriad reaping.
For her bounty of mead I love her, winter content,
Where turbulent wastes of the sea but touch and are spent;
I love her people, quiet peace, rich store of her treasure
Changed at her prince’s pleasure to splendid war

One I have loved, uneluding, dearly possessed,
Two I have wooed, by greater praise be they blessed –
Three, yea, and four, with fortune lavish of gold,
Five maidens I’ve won their white flesh fair to behold,
And six more bright than the sun on my city’s strong walls
With never a treacherous rede to blemish delight;
Seven by heaven! though hardly won was the fight –
Yea eight of whom I have sung: but to bridle the tongue
Lest heedless a careless word slip – the teeth they are strong

I love a bright fort on a shining slope,
Where a fair, shy girl loves watching gulls.
I’d like to go, though I get no great love,
On a longed-for visit on a slender white horse
To seek my love of the quiet laughter,
To recite love, since it’s come my way.

–Hywel ap Owain Gwynedd.

Translation from Gwyn Williams (trans.) Welsh Poems, 6th Century to 1600 (London: Faber & Faber, 1973) p. 43